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Geography · 2023 All years Show answers Download PDF PDF with answers
Roll No.
Q.P. Code 64/1/1

Geography (Theory)

CBSE Class XII Board Examination 2023

Time allowed: 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

  1. The paper has 30 questions in five sections (A to E); all of them must be answered.
  2. Section A: Q1–17, multiple choice questions, 1 mark each (Q15–17 are based on a case study).
  3. Section B: Q18 and Q19, source-based questions, 3 marks each.
  4. Section C: Q20–23, short answer questions, 3 marks each (about 80–100 words).
  5. Section D: Q24–28, long answer questions, 5 marks each (about 120–150 words).
  6. Section E: Q29 and Q30, map-based questions, 5 marks each (attach the maps to the answer book).
  7. Some questions offer an internal choice (OR); attempt only one of the choices.

SECTION A

Q1–17 are multiple choice questions of 1 mark each. Q15–17 are based on a case study.
1.
Among the following, which one is an economic factor that influences how population is distributed across the world?
  1. (A) Urbanization
  2. (B) Soils
  3. (C) Unrest
  4. (D) Availability of water
1
2.
The International Labour Organisation (ILO) put forward which approach to human development?
  1. (A) Income
  2. (B) Welfare
  3. (C) Basic need
  4. (D) Capability
1
3.
Consider these statements about the aims of family planning and pick the correct option:
I. To control the birth rate
II. To keep a gap between the births of children
III. To improve the health of women
IV. To lower the death rate of children
  1. (A) Only I, II and IV are correct.
  2. (B) Only I, II and III are correct.
  3. (C) Only II, III and IV are correct.
  4. (D) Only I, III and IV are correct.
1
4.
'Truck farming' is connected with which of the following?
  1. (A) Fruits production
  2. (B) Grain production
  3. (C) Tea production
  4. (D) Vegetables production
1
5.
Which of these is the biggest region of 'commercial dairy farming'?
  1. (A) North Western Europe
  2. (B) Canada region
  3. (C) New Zealand region
  4. (D) South Eastern Australia
1
6.
Growing fodder crops is an important part of which type of agriculture?
  1. (A) Mixed
  2. (B) Mediterranean
  3. (C) Co-operative
  4. (D) Collective
1
7.
Among the following countries, which one has the highest rank in the Human Development Index?
  1. (A) Germany
  2. (B) Sweden
  3. (C) Australia
  4. (D) Denmark
1
8.
Read the two statements and choose the correct option.
Statement I: After information began to be digitised, telecommunication gradually merged with computers.
Statement II: This merging produced integrated networks, called the Internet.
  1. (A) Only Statement I is correct.
  2. (B) Only Statement II is correct.
  3. (C) Statements I and II both are correct, Statement II is the correct result of Statement I.
  4. (D) Statements I and II both are correct, Statement II is not the correct result of Statement I.
1
9.
Which of the following is a push factor of migration?
  1. (A) Natural disasters
  2. (B) Pleasant climate
  3. (C) Security of life and property
  4. (D) Peace and stability
1
10.
Which state recorded the highest population growth rate in the decade 2001–2011?
  1. (A) Manipur
  2. (B) Nagaland
  3. (C) Mizoram
  4. (D) Sikkim
1
11.
Arrange the language families of modern Indian languages from the largest to the smallest number of speakers. Choose the correct option.
  1. (A) Indo-European, Dravidian, Austric and Sino-Tibetan
  2. (B) Indo-European, Austric, Dravidian and Sino-Tibetan
  3. (C) Dravidian, Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan and Austric
  4. (D) Dravidian, Austric, Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan
1
12.
From the resources listed, pick the ones that are 'common property resources':
I. Village water bodies
II. Village agricultural land
III. Village residential land
IV. Pasture land
  1. (A) Only I and II are correct.
  2. (B) Only II and III are correct.
  3. (C) Only III and IV are correct.
  4. (D) Only I and IV are correct.
1
13.
Which port was specially developed to handle petroleum, petroleum products and fertilizers?
  1. (A) New Mangaluru
  2. (B) Haldia
  3. (C) Kandla
  4. (D) Tuticorin
1
14.
Match the railway zones (Column I) with their headquarters (Column II):
Column I: i. North Central, ii. East Central, iii. West Central, iv. South Central
Column II: 1. Secunderabad, 2. Allahabad/Prayagraj, 3. Hajipur, 4. Jabalpur
  1. (A) i – 1, ii – 2, iii – 3, iv – 4
  2. (B) i – 4, ii – 3, iii – 2, iv – 1
  3. (C) i – 3, ii – 4, iii – 1, iv – 2
  4. (D) i – 2, ii – 3, iii – 4, iv – 1
1
15.
Case study (summary) for Q15–17: Ramesh, who left school after Class IX because his family was poor and in debt, first moved to Ludhiana in 1988 to work in a woollen factory for ₹20 a day and found it hard to adjust to the new culture. He then shifted to Surat, learnt welding, and now works on contract at construction sites in many places (Talcher, Mumbai, Jamnagar and others). He sends about ₹20,000 a year to his father in the village, which is spent on daily needs, health, schooling, land and houses. His family is better off, but he lives away from them because his job is temporary and keeps changing place.
What does the term 'remittance' mean?
  1. (A) Money sent home by migrants
  2. (B) Money earned by migrants
  3. (C) Money spent by migrants
  4. (D) Loan taken by migrants
1
16.
Based on the case of Ramesh: what is the main cause of rural-to-urban migration in India?
  1. (A) Education
  2. (B) Employment
  3. (C) Health
  4. (D) Tourism
1
17.
Based on the case of Ramesh: which of the following is a demographic consequence of rural-to-urban migration?
  1. (A) Pressure on infrastructure at the destination
  2. (B) Shortage of labour at the place of origin
  3. (C) Imbalance in the age and sex structure
  4. (D) Mixing of cultures at the destination
1

SECTION B

Q18 and Q19 are source-based questions of 3 marks each.
18.
Read the source summary and answer the questions.
Source (summary): The passage explains that doctors, teachers, lawyers and other professionals offer their skills as services in return for a fee; such services need theoretical knowledge and practical training. Tertiary activities form the service sector, where skilled manpower matters most. In early development most people work in the primary sector, while in a developed economy most work in tertiary activities.
(18.1) Explain the main difference between secondary and tertiary activities. (1)
(18.2) How are tertiary activities linked to both production and exchange? (1)
(18.3) Mention any two tertiary activities. (½ + ½ = 1)
3
19.
A table gives India's urbanisation trends from 1901 to 2011 (year: number of towns/UAs; urban population in thousands; % of total population; decennial growth %):
1901: 1,827; 25,851.9; 10.84; —
1911: 1,815; 25,941.6; 10.29; 0.35
1921: 1,949; 28,086.2; 11.18; 8.27
1931: 2,072; 33,456.0; 11.99; 19.12
1941: 2,250; 44,153.3; 13.86; 31.97
1951: 2,843; 62,443.7; 17.29; 41.42
1961: 2,365; 78,936.6; 17.97; 26.41
1971: 2,590; 1,09,114; 19.91; 38.23
1981: 3,378; 1,59,463; 23.34; 46.14
1991: 4,689; 2,17,611; 25.71; 36.47
2001: 5,161; 2,85,355; 27.78; 31.13
2011: 6,171; 3,77,000; 31.16; 31.08
(19.1) In which year was the decennial growth of the urban population the highest? (1)
(19.2) What was the total urban population in 2001? (1)
(19.3) By how much did the number of towns increase from 1901 to 2011? (1)
3

SECTION C

Q20–23 are short answer questions of 3 marks each.
20.
Humans could develop technology only after they understood the laws of nature better. Evaluate this statement with reference to the naturalisation of humans.
OR
Human activities have left their marks everywhere. Evaluate this statement with reference to the humanisation of nature.
3
21.
Why is Phase III (1951–1981) of India's population growth called the period of population explosion? Give any three arguments.
3
22.
Describe the aims of the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) for developing Indian agriculture.
3
23.
State the main features of the mineral belt of the South-Western Plateau region of India.
OR
State the main features of the mineral belt of the North-Western region of India.
3

SECTION D

Q24–28 are long answer questions of 5 marks each.
24.
Analyse five main factors that influence where industries are located in the world.
OR
Analyse the classification of industries into five groups on the basis of raw material used.
5
25.
Pipelines are widely used across the world to move liquids and gases. Support this statement with suitable arguments.
5
26.
What is meant by 'international trade'? Describe two types of international trade carried on in the world.
5
27.
To achieve sustainable development in the Indira Gandhi Canal (Nahar) command area, the main focus must be on steps that ensure ecological sustainability. Evaluate this statement.
5
28.
India has the second largest road network in the world. Support this statement.
OR
The Indian Railways network is among the longest in the world. Support this statement.
5

SECTION E

Q29 and Q30 are map-based questions of 5 marks each.
29.
On a political outline map of the world, seven features are marked A–G. Identify any five:
A. The largest country of Africa (marked in north Africa)
B. An area of extensive commercial grain farming (marked in eastern Argentina)
C. A major seaport (marked on the east coast of Honshu, Japan)
D. A shipping canal (marked across the isthmus between North and South America)
E. An international airport (marked on the North Island of New Zealand)
F. The westernmost station of the Trans-Australian (Trans-Continental) Railway (marked on the south-west coast of Australia)
G. The largest country of South America (shaded area)
5
30.
On a political outline map of India, locate and label any five of these with suitable symbols:
(30.1) The state with the highest population density
(30.2) The easternmost city of India with more than 10 million people
(30.3) The leading cotton-producing state
(30.4) Oil refinery located in Uttar Pradesh
(30.5) Coal mines located in Tamil Nadu
(30.6) Major seaport of Odisha
(30.7) International airport located in Punjab
5
— END —
Questions restated from the CBSE Class XII Board Examination 2023 (set 64/1/1) for practice. Reading passages and map items are described, not reproduced.