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Political Science · 2025 All years Show answers Download PDF PDF with answers
Roll No.
Q.P. Code 59/1/1

Political Science

CBSE Class XII Board Examination 2025

Time allowed: 3 hoursMaximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

  1. The paper has 30 questions in five sections (A to E); all of them must be answered.
  2. Section A: Q1–12, multiple choice questions, 1 mark each.
  3. Section B: Q13–18, short answer questions, 2 marks each (about 50–60 words).
  4. Section C: Q19–23, short answer questions, 4 marks each (about 100–120 words).
  5. Section D: Q24–26, passage-, map- and cartoon-based questions, 4 marks each.
  6. Section E: Q27–30, long answer questions, 6 marks each (about 170–180 words).
  7. There is no overall choice, but some questions offer an internal choice (OR); answer only one of them.

SECTION A

Multiple choice questions: Q1–12 carry 1 mark each.
1.
Consider two statements about Nepal.
Statement I: In the past Nepal was a Hindu kingdom, and in modern times it remained a constitutional monarchy for many years.
Statement II: Pro-democracy forces won their first big victory in 2006, when the king had to restore the House of Representatives.
Choose the correct option.
  1. (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
  2. (B) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
  3. (C) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
  4. (D) Statement I is false, but Statement II is true
1
2.
After the Cold War, which event suddenly drew the whole world's attention to the South Asian region?
  1. (A) The Bangladesh War of 1971
  2. (B) The ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka
  3. (C) India and Pakistan both becoming nuclear powers
  4. (D) The Kargil conflict between India and Pakistan
1
3.
Match Column A with Column B.
Column A: I. Human Rights Watch; II. International Monetary Fund; III. World Health Organisation; IV. General Assembly
Column B: i. An organ of the UN; ii. An agency of the UN; iii. An international body that oversees financial institutions; iv. An international NGO
  1. (A) I-iii, II-i, III-iv, IV-ii
  2. (B) I-iv, II-i, III-iii, IV-ii
  3. (C) I-iv, II-iii, III-ii, IV-i
  4. (D) I-ii, II-iv, III-iii, IV-i
1
4.
Put these organisations in the order in which they were set up (earliest first):
I. World Trade Organisation
II. World Bank
III. International Atomic Energy Agency
IV. United Nations Organisation
  1. (A) I, II, III, IV
  2. (B) II, IV, III, I
  3. (C) IV, I, III, II
  4. (D) III, I, II, IV
1
5.
What name is given to the institutional arrangements meant to protect economically weak people from the harmful effects of globalisation?
  1. (A) Welfare measures
  2. (B) Social safety nets
  3. (C) Economic liberalisation
  4. (D) Voluntary services
1
6.
Assertion (A): The arrival and growing role of multinational companies everywhere reduces the ability of governments to take decisions on their own.
Reason (R): The state still carries out its essential functions and deliberately withdraws only from the areas it chooses to leave.
  1. (A) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. (B) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  3. (C) A is incorrect, but R is correct
  4. (D) A is correct, but R is incorrect
1
7.
Which of the following is NOT an objective of NITI Aayog?
  1. (A) To give critical directional and strategic input to India's development process
  2. (B) To act as a think tank for the government at the centre and in the states
  3. (C) To arrange funds for carrying out development programmes
  4. (D) To end slow and tardy implementation of policies
1
8.
Which statement correctly describes the left-wing view on planning and the economy?
  1. (A) The Left supports a free-market economy
  2. (B) They support government policies that benefit the poor sections
  3. (C) They do not want unnecessary government intervention in the economy
  4. (D) They advocate progressive policies
1
9.
What was the main reason behind the split in the Congress Party in 1969?
  1. (A) A change in the ideology of the Congress Party
  2. (B) The dominance of the Congress Syndicate
  3. (C) Differences among the opposition parties
  4. (D) The opposition parties coming together
1
10.
Pick the pair that is matched INCORRECTLY.
  1. (A) Lal Bahadur Shastri – Jai Jawan Jai Kisan
  2. (B) Indira Gandhi – Garibi Hatao
  3. (C) Syndicate – a group of powerful opposition leaders against Indira Gandhi
  4. (D) Grand Alliance – formed by all non-Congress parties
1
11.
By what name is the BJP-led alliance of 2019 known?
  1. (A) United Progressive Alliance
  2. (B) United Front
  3. (C) National Democratic Alliance
  4. (D) Democratic Coalition
1
12.
Who headed the central government after the Lok Sabha elections of 1999?
  1. (A) P.V. Narasimha Rao
  2. (B) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
  3. (C) Manmohan Singh
  4. (D) H.D. Deve Gowda
1

SECTION B

Short answer questions: Q13–18 carry 2 marks each.
13.
After the break-up of the Soviet Union, can 'shock therapy' be called the best way of moving from an authoritarian socialist system to a liberal capitalist system? Explain.
2
14.
Explain any two main causes of globalisation.
2
15.
Explain the two goals of the national movement that everyone agreed on and which were achieved after independence.
2
16.
Name any four global commons.
2
17.
Describe the serious economic crisis India faced before the fourth general elections of 1967.
2
18.
Justify the statement: "Regionalism is not as dangerous as communalism."
2

SECTION C

Short answer questions: Q19–23 carry 4 marks each.
19.
Explain any four reasons for the economic stagnation of the Soviet Union.
4
20.
Assess how SAARC is a major initiative of South Asian states to build co-operation through multilateral means.
OR
"Though the record of democracy in South Asian countries is mixed, their people share the wish for democracy." Justify with two suitable arguments.
4
21.
Suggest any four steps that the Government of India can take to control pollution and protect the environment.
4
22.
"The dominance of one party did not harm the essence of Indian democracy." Justify with any two arguments.
4
23.
Describe the role played by Jayaprakash Narayan in national politics in India.
OR
Describe any two reasons why the Janata Party won the Lok Sabha elections of 1977.
4

SECTION D

Passage, map and cartoon based questions: Q24–26 carry 4 marks each.
24.
Source summary: The passage says India chose a democratic way of handling its diversity. Democracy lets regional aspirations be expressed politically without treating them as anti-national, lets parties appeal to people on regional identity and problems, and ensures that regional issues get attention in policy-making.
(i) Which decade in India is regarded as the period when demands for regional autonomy grew? (A) 1960s (B) 1970s (C) 1980s (D) 1990s
(ii) Which type of diversity is dominant in India? (A) Social (B) Political (C) Cultural (D) Regional
(iii) How does democracy handle regional problems? (A) Through regular negotiations (B) Through strong steps (C) Through elections (D) Through economic measures
(iv) Which of these joined the Indian Union in 1975? (A) Goa (B) Sikkim (C) Puducherry (D) An island
4
25.
On an outline political map of India four states are marked: A – in the north-west, just below Jammu & Kashmir (Punjab area); B – in the south-east, on the Bay of Bengal coast (Andhra region); C – the northernmost state at the top of the map; D – in east-central India, east of Madhya Pradesh. Identify them using the clues and write serial number, letter and state name:
(i) The princely state whose ruler resisted merger with India.
(ii) The state most affected by the partition of the country.
(iii) The state carved out of Madhya Pradesh.
(iv) The state formed in 1952.
4
26.
Cartoon (described): A smiling American leader holds a small UN emblem with an olive branch in his right hand, while his left hand is a huge clawed fist marked 'WAR'. The captions read roughly 'If the right one doesn't get you ... then the left one will.'
(i) What does the cartoon show? (A) Influence of UNO on the world (B) Influence of USA on UNO (C) Relevance of UNO (D) Influence of USA on the world
(ii) What message does it give? (A) If the UN fails, the US can control the world by its military power (B) Economic superiority of the US (C) Veto power of the permanent members (D) The US is the largest contributor to the UN
(iii) Why is this cartoon not so relevant today? (A) The UN has become more powerful (B) Many new powerful international organisations have emerged (C) Countries have no faith in the UN (D) Many new centres of power have now emerged
(iv) What is the main aim of the UNO? (A) To build economic ties among developed nations (B) To promote international peace and co-operation (C) To eradicate terrorism (D) To promote health care
4

SECTION E

Long answer questions: Q27–30 carry 6 marks each.
27.
Explain any two disputed issues between India and China, and suggest any two measures to resolve them for better co-operation.
OR
ASEAN decided to build an ASEAN Community resting on three pillars. Explain the importance of these three pillars.
6
28.
Explain any three security challenges faced by the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa after the Second World War.
OR
Explain any three differences between the traditional and the non-traditional ideas of security.
6
29.
"The foreign policy of independent India pursued the dream of a peaceful world." Support with three suitable arguments.
OR
"India played an important role in building Afro-Asian unity." Support with three suitable examples.
6
30.
Describe any three major developments in Indian politics in the last decade of the 20th century (the 1990s).
OR
Describe any three recommendations of the Mandal Commission for solving the problems of the Other Backward Classes.
6
— END —
Questions restated from the CBSE Class XII Board Examination 2025 (set 59/1/1) for practice. Reading passages and map items are described, not reproduced.